资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
世界杯 | 消灭“越位”争议 它们的眼睛就是尺****** 世界杯记录着年轻人的成长 也见证着赛场科技的革新 巴西世界杯引进门线技术 俄罗斯世界杯采用视频助理裁判(VAR) 半自动越位识别技术(SAOT) 也在2022卡塔尔世界杯上首次亮相 图源:新华社——VAR工作间 今天就让我们一起来了解 世界杯里的“黑科技” 看看在本届世界杯中 它们又会有怎样的应用呢?
从没有裁判到科技协助裁判 回望百余年前,最初的足球规则甚至都没有引入裁判这个概念。 起初,球场上出现的争议由双方队长商议解决,不过,随之而来的抱怨和混乱让队长们力不从心。于是,裁判的角色应运而生,他口中的哨子甚至要比裁判本身更早进入到足球规则里。在随后的日子里,两名助理裁判(或称之为边裁)加入比赛,辅助主裁判对比赛做出判罚。 图源:网络——国际足球协会理事会(IFAB)编纂的《竞赛规则》 电视转播的出现,让观众能够更加清晰地观察到赛场上的细节,也促使裁判的辅助工具实现“进化”。英超是最先提出使用门线技术的主流联赛,不过他们的动议起初却遭到了国际足球协会理事会(IFAB)拒绝。 门线技术(Goal-line technology)可以判断球是否越过了球门线,从而判断是否进球有效,该系统是基于嵌进球中的一个芯片,当球穿过布于球门区域的传感器时,芯片可向主裁判所佩戴的智能腕表发送信号。 2010年南非世界杯中的一场比赛,成为这一技术得以使用的重要转折点。在英格兰对阵德国的八分之一决赛中,三狮军团中场兰帕德一脚精彩的射门已明显越过门线,但却被裁判吹罚无效。最终,英格兰以1:4惨遭淘汰。 兰帕德的“门线冤案”,促使门线技术投入到使用中 这粒被吹出的入球不仅促使门线技术被正式采用,也极大地扭转了足球规则的制定者们对于使用高科技手段的态度。 后来,随着科技的发展,VAR技术在所有大型比赛和50多个国家(地区)的联赛等比赛中都得到了广泛的使用。 VAR是英文Video Assistant Referee的缩写,也被称作“视频助理裁判”,由现役裁判员担任,他的职责是通过回放视频向裁判员提供信息,协助裁判员纠正改变比赛走势清晰明显的错漏判,提高判罚的准确性。 VAR主要依靠遍布足球场上的多个摄像机镜头,多机位,多角度捕捉场上球员的每一个细小动作,从而做到“火眼金睛”。当场上出现争议判罚或主裁判需要调取比赛录像时,由技术人员操作,调出相对应的回放节点,以得到更加公正的比赛判罚。 技术创新的最新成果 虽然VAR也可以辅助裁判进行越位识别,但有时碍于镜头角度以及划线位置,在一些体毛级越位的判定上,VAR仍有其局限性。 图源:网络 半自动越位识别技术工作原理 半自动越位识别技术(SAOT)可以理解为VAR的延伸,每座球场顶部将设置12台特制摄像机,对场上的足球和球员进行追踪,以每秒50次的频率发送数据,能够精准确定每名球员的位置。特制摄像机和球内传感器收集的数据信息将由人工智能系统进行分析,只需几秒钟就能对越位情况作出判断。 图源:网络 半自动越位识别技术示意图 主裁判判罚完成后,SAOT会生成3D动画图像,在场内大屏幕以及电视上播放,以更直观地展示球员越位的具体位置,让判罚更加清晰、有说服力。 2021年阿拉伯杯及2021年世俱杯等赛事中的测试中,半自动越位识别技术取得了不错的效果。有统计数据显示,在该技术支持下,视频助理裁判检查越位的平均时长从70秒以上降至25秒。 图源:网络 2022卡塔尔世界杯官方海报 从起初的哨音 到如今先进的 半自动越位识别技术 裁判员的“工具箱”不断升级 历经一百多年的发展历程 足球运动能够始终 作为全世界开展最广泛 最受欢迎的运动之一 不断创新是它最主要的动力之源
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